Influence of Culture on Consumer Behaviour - 6641 Words

Influence of Culture on Consumer Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter students should be able to understand: 1. What culture is and how it impacts consumer behaviors. 2. How culture acts as an â€Å"invisible hand† that guides consumption-related attitudes, values and behavior. 3. How culture sets standards for what satisfies consumers’ needs. 4. How culture is learned and expressed in language, symbols, and rituals. 5. How consumers are always adapting to culture-related experiences. 6. How the impact of culture on consumer behavior is measured. 7. How core cultural values impact American consumers. 8. How the American culture became a â€Å"shopping culture.† CHAPTER SUMMARY The study of culture is the study of all†¦show more content†¦2. In a sense, culture is a society’s personality. For this reason, it is not easy to define its boundaries. 3. Culture is the sum total of learned beliefs, values, and customs that serve to direct the consumer behavior of members of a particular society. 4. Beliefs consist of the very large number of mental or verbal statements that reflect a person’s particular knowledge and assessment of something. 5. Values also are beliefs, however, values differ from other beliefs because they must meet the following criteria: a) They are relatively few in number. b) They serve as a guide for culturally appropriate behavior. c) They are enduring or difficult to change. d) They are not tied to specific objects or situations. e) They are widely accepted by the members of a society. 6. In a broad sense, both values and beliefs are mental images that affect a wide range of specific attitudes that, in turn, influence the way a person is likely to respond in a specific situation. 7. Customs are overt modes of behavior that constitute culturally approved or acceptable ways of behaving in specific situations. a) Customs consist of everyday or routine behavior. b) Although beliefs and values are guides for behavior, customs are usual and acceptable ways of behaving. c) An understanding of variousShow MoreRelatedCulture Is Defined As A Society s Personality1730 Words   |  7 Pages 3. Culture Culture is defined as â€Å"a society’s personality and describes what people have in common. It is the total sum of learned beliefs, values and customs that direct the consumer behaviour of members of a particular society†. It is the lens through which consumers view products or services and then, associate it with their own and other people’s behaviour. Every consumer perceives the product/service through his/her own cultural lens making culture unique, dynamic and always evolving. SometimesRead MoreThe Literature On Purchase Intention Of Goods Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pagesliterature based on the objectives. The literature review focus on purchase intention, economic factors, and social factors, as well as consumers’ attitudes and online buy. While analysing the literature, contributions, weaknesses and gaps in the existing literature were identified. Theoretical review While consumers/buyers have existed for thousands of years, consumer behaviour research really began after World War II. It was established as a unique field of study during the 1960s (Engel, Blackwell, andRead MoreBuyer Behaviour Literature Quotes888 Words   |  4 PagesConsumer behaviour, Peter M. Chisnall (1995) Published London: McGraw-Hill 1995 3rd ed. â€Å"Buying behaviour is complex and influenced by many factors, some of which may conflict with so-called rational decision-making. The interactions of groups and personal behaviour, the interrelationships between attitudes and behaviour, the challenge of authority and status, and the profound, and sometimes subtle, effects of culture on consumption make up, in part, the intricate web of influences which surroundsRead MoreThe s Dimensions ( Ind Vs Coll1340 Words   |  6 Pagesglobalized, resulting in an even greater impact of cultural differences on consumers’ behaviour (Maheswaran Shavitt, 2000). An analysis of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions can provide significant insights into the reasons why distinctive behavioural patterns develop across different cultures. In particular, numerous studies have found a relation between Hofstedes’ dimensions of individualism and collectivism and impulsive buying behaviour. As defined by Triandis (1995), collectivistic societies are thoseRead MoreGlobalization And Globalization983 Words   |  4 Pagesbusiness. Since 1995, the market for luxury brands has rebounded dramatically with the world-wide annual sales growth of 10 percent per year and high growth rates approaching 30 percent in certain Asian markets (Nueno, J., Quelch, J., 1998). Renewed consumer confidence, rising stock market, growth in personal income, low taxes, and growing economy, especially in Asia are fuelling the demand. Recent figures indicate that 40 percent of sales are made in Europe, and 24 percent in Asia, but the growth rateRead MoreWhat is Psychographics?885 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is Psychographics? Psychographics is a research focused on the psychological aspect of the buying behaviour and consumer lifestyle that includes their activities, interests and opinions. The psychological factors that affect their buying decisions include motivation, perception, learning, attitudes and belief hence in order for this method to be successful, marketers must first identify the needs and wants of customers because without proper understanding, marketers will not be able to produceRead MoreMarketing Consumer Behaviour1068 Words   |  5 Pages0 Marketing and Consumer Behaviour – Dealing with Market Trends Consumer behavior is defined as the mental and emotional process along with the physical activities of the people who purchase/ consume goods and services to satisfy their particular needs and wants. One of the advantages of consumer behavior can be seen when looking at advertisers and how they advertise by keeping the consumers in mind. Advertisers spend a lot of money to keep individuals and groups of individuals (markets)Read MoreBuyer Behavior and Branding1814 Words   |  7 PagesBUYER BEHAVIOUR AND BRANDING (BBMK402) Introduction: Every one is a customer at one time or another. Production continues to increase just like customers increases day by day for goods and services that give value in return for consumer’s money. Although there are lots of components and elements that influence customers to support and buy the product and one of those ways is good marketing strategy. Good marketing functions raise competitive rewards to a firm which leads to be a magnet toRead MoreThe Relevant Theories Of Advertising1354 Words   |  6 Pagesthe concept to describe the steps of consumer behaviour that occurred from the time when a consumer first became aware of a product or brand through to when the consumer tried a product or made a purchase decision (Priyanka, 2013). The model had four psychological stages including awareness, interest, desire, and action (Hassan et al., 2015). It was a useful formula to help marketers develop effective communication strategies as well as to understand how consumers respond to advertising. However, AIDARead MoreConsumer Decision Making Process And The Beverage Brand Products1421 Words   |  6 PagesConsumers buying decision making play an important role for the success of every company or organisation. Without the investigation into consumers and their buying behaviour companies and organisation and marketer cannot achieved their aims and objective of their goals in the sale of their product. The purpose of this investigation is to explore the relationship between the consumers buying decision making process and the beverage brand products. (Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola) The data for the research

The Regulation Of Freedom Of Speech - 1256 Words

Rome, which was one of the strongest ancient empires, had worshipped a god named Janus. Romans believed that Janus protected their beginnings, gates and time; in particular, the god was depicted as a male with two faces (Martin 38). Similarly, freedom of speech is two-faced Janus with freedom and limit. According to Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Canadians are free to think their own thoughts, speak their own minds, to gather peacefully into groups and to associate with whomever they wish, as long as they do not infringe valid regulations which protect the right and interests of others (Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom, 1982). In a democratic society, the freedom of speech should be properly regulated to prevent yellow journalism, to protect sensitive state secrets from abuse and to promote a high quality of speech based on responsibility. The regulation of freedom of speech is important since it prevents yellow journalism. Yellow journalism refers to the style of journalism that features scandals, sensationalism, and unethical or unprofessional practices by news media organizations or journalists without any regulations (Holtz-Bacha, 2008). Tom Conner (2014) gives an example of yellow journalism, and mentioned that the Dreyfus Affair of 1894 was an anti-Semitic political scandal in France; it involved the false accusation of a Jewish French artillery officer named Alfred Dreyfus for leaking secrets to the German army. At that time, inaccurate but powerfulShow MoreRelatedFreedom Of Speech By The First Amendment Of The Constitution1657 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant freedom in my eyes. Without freedom of speech, I am unable to be the individual that I strive to be, which is to stick out and be unique, which is why I treasure freedom of speech the most. I am going to take advantage of my freedom of speech and use it to cultivate and progress my business goals in life to make me successful as a woman in the business world. Freedom of speech had to take gradual and extensive steps in order to get where it is today. Many people strive to have freedom of speechRead MoreContent Based V Content Neutral Speech : How Occupational Licensing Threatens First Amendment Protections Essay1330 Words   |  6 PagesContent Based v. Content Neutral Speech: How Occupational Licensing Threatens First Amendment Protections Introduction Since the 1950’s, occupational licensing has grown from 73 occupations to thousands of occupations being licensed. In fact, 28% of American jobs require a license in order to practice a profession. Occupational licensing is a method of economic regulation whereby the government controls the entry and supply of participants in a given profession. Occupational licensing can beRead MoreHow Important Is The First Amendment?950 Words   |  4 PagesHow Important is the First Amendment? The First Amendment was adopted in 1791. It states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.† (Wikipedia, 2016) The freedom of speech documented in the First Amendment is not only a constitutional protection, but also an inevitable part of democratic government and independence, which are essential values in ourRead MoreThe Freedom Of Speech : Yellow Journalism1088 Words   |  5 Pages Similarly, freedom of speech is Janus with two faces reflecting freedom and limit. According to Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Canadians are free to think their own thoughts, speak their own minds, to gather peacefully into groups and to associate with whomever they wish, as long as they do not infringe valid regulations which protect the right and interests of others (Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom, 1982). Therefore, in a democratic society, the freedom of speech should be properlyRead MoreSpeech : The Freedom Of Speech Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesCitizens of the United States are privileged to the freedom of speech under the First Amendment, but the constitutional limits of the freedom of speech have been questioned on multiple occasions. Citizens of the United States have called upon the Supreme Court numerous times to interpret the meaning of the First Amendment, and the court has censored some forms of speech such as obscene speech --which has been prohibited--and indecent or pornographic speech--which has been regulated (Barrett, 1999). PublicRead MoreThe Delicate Balance of Regulating Freedom of Speech806 Words   |  3 PagesIs the Freedom of the press really â€Å"free† when it comes bearing stipulations and regulations? Should we as citizens then live as a democratic society where freedom of speech and press is completely unregulated? For those readers who say yes, would you then be willing to legalize types of speech like slander or defamation of character and reputation? This is precisely the tricky and delicate balance that democratic societies like the United States often have to weigh in which different social valuesRead MoreFoundations and Limits of Freedom of the Press705 Words   |  3 PagesIn â€Å"Foundations and Limits of Freedom of the Press, â€Å" Judith Lichtenberg explores the ongoing controversial argument surrounding the regulation of the press and mass media. She evaluates the ability of the press to shape our opinions and values through an examination of the interdependent relationship between freedom of speech and press. Furthermore, she notes that, while the two rights appear similar as they are both considered as forms of self-expression, it is important to differ between the twoRead MoreSymbolic Speech And Its Impact1454 Words   |  6 Pages15 November 2015 O’Brien v. United States: Symbolic Speech and Its Impact Symbolic speech is a type of speech used to express one’s ideas. The notion of symbolic speech is protected in the United States constitution which evidently says: â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press...† (U. S. Constitution). The freedom of speech represents one of the most vital amendments in the UnitedRead MoreImportance Of Freedom Of Speech914 Words   |  4 PagesFree Speech Should be Limited Everyone has the right to freedom of speech, but when there is freedom of speech without limits or restrictions, there is no doubt that this will lead to disaster. People will surely benefit if we are able balance between freedom of speech and restrictions to ensure that society can communicate and prosper without anarchy. The first amendment for freedom of speech can be a good thing and a bad thing if left to free. An important lesson that a young woman learned whenRead MoreFree Speech vs Hate Speech Essay1647 Words   |  7 PagesFree Speech vs. Harmful Hate Speech Freedom of speech is instilled at the beginning of the Bill of Rights and it allows citizens of the United States to express their opinions without being afraid of what might happen to them, much like in other countries. Many times people are directly or indirectly harmed by others’ actions that are considered a right under the freedom of speech clause. Though, some people worry that if we do not allow for complete freedom of speech, it is hard to figure out

Word Press Web Development Trends

Question: Discuss about the Word Press Web Development Trends. Answer: Introduction In todays digitized world, web development is the second name for internet and the web is increasing an exponential growth in WebPages and applications that are interlinked over the internet. Web developers have created new digital experiences that are more immersive. This section explores how web development emerged as the industry, where it stands today and what would be its likely future. Web development industry is seeing a continuous evolution with changes happening fast. Within few months, things take new shapes and new capabilities are added on websites. The web development started with HTML programming in which developers hard-coded using attributes of the web language and deployed the code through FTP server to see the results. However, these were static websites that did not serve the needs of real time applications so later was brought the concept of backend programming where pages were dynamically loaded by linking front end interfaces with back end database systems that were used to retrieve data using back end scripting languages like PHP, VBScript and PERL. While server-side development was still the trend in late 1990s, the emergence of framework programming with Ruby on Rails completely changed the web development pattern. This illustrated the power of open source which has become the most promising trend in web development today. There are still significant changes happening every day in web development trends and the change is likely to follow even in future. Changing trends would affect the employment scenarios and programmers and web developers would have to adapt to the new demands of the web space. Development of Themes While programmers took care of the back end transactions and communications, the front end management involves management of design and layout of a website. With open source content management systems like Wordpress, developers are able to create themes that allow user customize the front end of a website. These themes decide how content retrieved from database would be displayed on the website, where it would be placed on the web page, what typography would it use, and what specific actions would be required on specific types of user devices. In Wordpress, the themes are launched using two types of files including index.php which is the template file and style.css which gives the style to the template pages(Wordpress, 2016). Future of Web development Web started with introduction of HTTP in 1991 followed by development of HTML language in 1992. Till 1994, HTML was the primary web language used for development of web pages that ran on browsers like Netscape, opera and Internet explorer. In the late 1994, HTML 2 was introduced soon followed by addition of SSL in 1995 and introduction of HTML 3 in late 1995. With HTML 3, new languages like JavaScript and Flash were added to the world of web pages by 1996. By 1997 and 1998, HTML was upgraded to HTML 3.2 and HTML 4 after which came designing scripts like CSS2 in 1998 followed by AJAX coding that came into being in 1999. By 2002, new browsers like Safari and Firefox were introduced following by addition of XML scripting. 2008 was the start of the era of designer web applications that had rich interfaces that were developed using CSS 2D, 3D and CSS3 animation. The year 2011 saw addition of touch events and full screen APIs that paved way for newest and more sophisticated developments in the web space(Google, 2016). This section explores the world of web development after this focusing on advances seen in the web development in recent years and explores the possibilities of more developments in the near future. Future Trends in Web development Some of the trends have already started to get visible and are likely to become more prominent in near future in the field of web development. Some of these include: Reducing demand for PSD to CSS conversion: PSD to CSS or XHTML conversion would not remain a significant specialization that would get huge demand as there have been shifts in the development space and more developers are being involved in Wordpress development, server-side scripting, and other types of niche work such as customization of open source software. Increasing importance of Web Standards: Web standards are gaining more importance than ever with more and more open source technologies coming into being. Companies are shifting from propriety software development model to adoption of open source software systems. Adoption of IT4IT framework by companies like Shell and Delta Lloyd are classic examples of this shift on a large scale. These companies have been known for development of propriety software but have recently adopted IT4IT open source framework for its IT management practices. Future Trends in Theme Development There are different types of web development themes that were introduced over the past few years and some of them are gaining popularity as more and more developers use them today. In 2016, flat design was the most used theme and responsive design became mandatory. Mobile-first design was another leap in the development of web themes as developers used touch and gesture scripts to create features that allowed mobile-focused interactions(Weller, 2014). During the same year, conversational interfaces like chatbots were added to designs. The current year 2017 is seeing companies moving towards emotionally intelligent designs which would humanize the web technology in near future. In coming five years, a lot of developments are likely to be seen in emotion-sensing technology Development of human intelligence in the web technologies has already started to begin with programs like Siri that can mimic human voice, Google RankBrain update that can identify semantic speech patterns in humans, and AI assistance algorithms that have the capacity to improve storage systems by allowing more efficient and faster edits(Alton, 2016). A number of webpage elements have become popular and are gaining space in theme development such that different styles of design, presentation and customization are offered for them. These include sliders, background, animation, responsive, and frameworks, menus(Brown, 2016). With differences in managing these elements and use of different emerging technologies, some types of themes are likely to gain popularity or evolve in coming five years such as: Responsive Themes: Having a responsive theme is no more a choice but a necessity for developers as more and more users are using different devices as well as different variety of browsers such that any web application needs to fit well for viewers using any kind of platform or any kind of browser. Thus, developers have to learn and advance their skills in the area of responsive web application development. Multipurpose Themes: These types of themes can allow a developer develop almost any type of website with any types of features included with high level of customization and personalization possible. Multipurpose themes allow much flexibility to developers and thus, gaining popularity. VR Optimized Themes: Another technology trend that would affect the development of themes in coming future is rise of virtual reality which is now being experienced in web interfaces(Lindberg, 2017). Initially, Virtual reality was only associated with gaming sites but now plugins are being developed to provide support for VR images as well as videos on any website. Mobile First Themes: Use of mobile devices for browsing has become more popular than desktop based search. The world internet usage report of 2016 states that market share of desktop devices for internet surfing has reduced to 48.74% while for mobile; it has increased to 51.26%. Thus, mobile optimized website has become not the trend but a compulsion and the world is slowly moving towards mobile first strategy. Even Google has started to recommend mobile first strategy for getting higher ranking in SEO(Spaco Technologies, 2017). Video Headers in Themes: Wordpress themes now come with a feature called video header which allows users to create video based headers on a web page. Video headers are becoming trend through not adopted by most yet can see some more advances in near future. Besides these specific theme types, different UI patterns have proliferated with responsive theme designs making way for introduction of different patterns of User Interface such as split screen, blocks grid layout for ecommerce, animated stories in layouts, long scrolls for single page view, and so on. Conclusion As the web world sees frequent changes happening and with introduction of new concepts and technologies like open source framework, virtual reality, and smart artificial intelligence, the trends of web development would change further and based on the needs of future, programmers and we developers would have to learn and adopt to the changing requirements. Thus, the subject of web development is of prime importance as it is going to affect the way entire world works as most of the world is going to get digitized in near future such that web development would become the most promising career for software programmers. References Alton, L. (2016, January 7). App-Improvement AI And The Future Of Web Development. Retrieved April 15, 2017, from TechCrunch: https://techcrunch.com/2016/01/07/is-app-improvement-ai-the-future-of-web-development/ Brown, R. A. (2016, January 30). A Forecast of 2016 Web Design Trends. Retrieved April 15, 2017, from elegantthemes: https://www.elegantthemes.com/blog/resources/2016-web-design-trends Google. (2016). The Evolution of the Web. Retrieved April 15, 2017, from Evolution of Web: https://www.evolutionoftheweb.com/?hl=en Lindberg, O. (2017, Jan 10). 17 Web Design Trends To Watch in 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2017, from Shopify: https://www.shopify.com/partners/blog/17-web-design-trends-you-need-to-know-in-2017 Spaco Technologies. (2017). These WordPress Web Development Trends Will Dominate 2017! Have You Implemented Them Yet? Retrieved April 15, 2017, from Spaco Technologies: https://www.spaceotechnologies.com/wordpress-web-development-trends-2017/ Weller, N. B. (2014, September 17). Web Design Trends To Look Out For In 2015. Retrieved April 15, 2017, from Elegant Themes: https://www.elegantthemes.com/blog/resources/web-design-trends-to-look-out-for-in-2015 Wordpress. (2016). What is a Theme? Retrieved April 15, 2017, from Wordpress.org: https://developer.wordpress.org/themes/getting-started/what-is-a-theme/

Why This Stay-at-Home Mom Chose Freelance Writing

Right now my twins are in their cribs sleeping for the night and Im in my office updating my blog. Im able to dedicate 1-2 hours after they sleep to work on building my brand as a freelance writer. Being a mom to two year old twins while trying to make it as a freelance writer is no easy feat. Even though I have been doing this for a short time, I can say with assurance that freelance writing is the way to go for me and my family. I Didnt Plan on Being a Freelance Writer at All In fact, when my husband proposed doing some freelance jobs online I looked at him and said, Are you kidding me? Virtual Assistant? And get paid with virtual dollars? He laughed at me and told me that there are many freelance jobs available like blogging or writing articles. I couldnt imagine making money off blogging or even writing articles. My husband, an entrepreneur who runs his own e-Commerace business, had me write fluff articles for his business, many years ago on a range of topics like allergies, pet products, back to school ideas and baby items. I remember writing quick 300 word articles on What Color Should you Paint Your Nursery? or Do Seasonal Allergies Ruin Your Day? I stopped writing for him because it didnt interest me at the time nor did I feel like I was making it as a writer. I was just helping out my husband after work and on the weekends. Thats what I thought freelance writing was when he mentioned it 1 year after I had my twins. A moonlighting job just to earn some quick money. Mommy Brain was Ruining My Mind! I always imagined  being a mom to be a wonderful experience where you play and have fun all day with your child. You have a restful night, wake up to a happy chatter bug and spend the morning having fun. Mealtimes were no problem, she will eat anything you give her. Need to do a few chores? No problem, here, play with your doll house while mommy cleans the bathroom. Time for arts and crafts! Lets make a fishbowl and glue fishy crackers on it! Yay! Rainbows and unicorns every day! Time for bed, nighty-night! I honestly thought this. I never knew having children would be difficult and all consuming. I also never envisioned   having twins, but I was fortunate enough and blessed with a beautiful boy and girl almost two years ago. Im also fortunate enough to stay at home and raise them   with family nearby to help and a husband that works from home to call on when I need   a hand. When the twins were around 15 months old, I felt I finally had a grasp on what I was doing. I didnt need as much help from my husband or family members and I developed a routine that was working. The only thing that bothered me was my lack of adult interaction. I barely talked to other people that werent moms about other things that didnt include our children. At that time, though, I   wouldnt have been able to have a coherent adult conversation on lets say the rise of gas prices. I was suffering from mommy brain. All I thought about were things like how to get my twins to sleep better, how to get my picky eaters to eat something besides toast and fruit, and why wont they nap more than 60 minutes at a time. I also had the song, Baa Baa Black Sheep on repeat in my mind and stopped using words like resonate, justifiable or myriad. Instead, I was using words like, okay-dokey, poopy and upsy daisy. I loved my children, but I needed to get out of Mommyland and into BigAdultLand. The only problem was day care for two toddlers is expensive and I couldnt bear to be separated from them for more than 4 hours. Actually, I couldnt let someone else take care of them since Im a huge control freak. Put Your Coffee Down and Write I knew I didnt want to go back to work as a Special Education teacher at an elementary school, but I also craved grown-up interactions. I started researching freelance writing and it looked more appealing than before. I learned it was a way to Stay home with my children Contribute to our finances Set my own hours and pace Give me the freedom to run errands and tend to the house while still working So I decided to pursue writing. I created Innovative Ink and worked on writing my website content. I looked at other freelance writers and how they marketed themselves and where they were published. Some freelance writers I connected with are: Lauren Krom Kristi Hines Katie M. Anderson Alicia Rades Not all of them are moms, but I liked their style of writing, how they branded themselves in their niche, and how they developed their social presence online. I also read freelance writing websites as a way to learn more about this niche and how to be a better freelance writer. Take a look at some of them! All Indie Writers Be a Freelance Writer ProBlogger Copyblog Freelancer FAQs The Write Practice Be a Freelance Blooger I can adjust my schedule to squeeze in writing before my children wake up, during their naps and after they go down for the night. I can also write when I have child care for a few hours a day. It works. I can still do the daily house chores and run errands when necessary. Are you thinking about doing some freelance work? Maybe you like to write or like reading blogs. Freelance writing gives you the opportunity to write articles, blogs, site content, press releases, product reviews and just about anything that companies might need written. If you need help launching your successful freelance writing business, my course Write Your Way to Your First $1k walks you step-by-step and uses my proven strategy. Are you a freelance writer and a mom? How do you manage to write and take care of your children? Share your story here!